John Coltrane was one of the most important saxophonists the jazz music. He changed his music to jazz, enriched posterity with his musical heritage and coined the term "Sheets of Sound" is a whole generation of musicians. It is the story of a man who was, together with Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie and Thelonious Monk to the best of jazz. The story of John Coltrane. Born
John William Coltrane was born on 23 September 1926 in Hamlet, North Carolina in the United States of America. But it did not pull his family together with their children and their grandparents in High Point, a small industrial town located near Hamlet in order.
Coltrane's childhood takes place in an orderly fashion, a privilege that could not be experienced by all jazz musicians. John's grandfather, a preacher, a well known personality in the vicinity of High Point, and especially by his presence gets Coltrane in his early years a lot to do with religion, which will determine his future religious world view as well. Because at home, many religious songs are sung, Coltrane is also the first time in touch with music and shows immediate interest.
seems up to the age of twelve Coltrane's childhood therefore to have been very happy. Although he has until then to do not much music by Coltrane lived his childhood in a very secure and protected environment. Later, once this period of his life devoted Coltrane composition "Cousin Mary", named after his cousin Mary, with whom he spent his childhood very much like his time.
Coltrane's most important period of his life, however, begin with the moment when he gets his first instrument, a clarinet. At a certain Mr. Steele, head of the small Amateurkappellen and also a music teacher, he now receives music lessons. John performs very eager and surprised with his soon appropriated Can his music teacher much.
But in 1939, meets John Coltrane, then a fatal blow that would change his life from now on. In just a short distance, his father died, his grandfather and uncle. Specifically, the loss of Coltrane's father and grandfather, who brought him the first time with the music of the name, the young Coltrane makes things difficult for the beginning. But he is brave and consoles himself for his mother, who now has to go to work to keep the family afloat.
possessed by the music from then on Coltrane deals almost exclusively with his musical development, verbringt jede freie Minute mit dem Üben und hört sich im Radio die großen Musiker der Jazzmusik - allen voran Louis Armstrong – an und versucht diesen Stil, der ihm sehr gefällt zu imitieren. Coltranes erstes richtiges Vorbild wird jedoch der Tenorsaxophonist Lester Young, der zu dieser Zeit noch im Orchestra vom Pianisten Count Basie spielt.
Auch Coltranes direkter Bezug zur Musik verändert sich in dieser Zeit, er wechselt von der Klarinette zum Saxophon. Da sein Lehrer ihm und seiner Mutter jedoch von einem Tenorsaxophon abrät, da es für einen kleinen Jungen ein sehr schwer zu spielendes Instrument sei, entscheidet sich Coltrane für das Altsaxophon, das er ab da an bis zu seinem 21. Lebensjahr spielen sollte. Damit changes but also his model and the sound of Coltrane alto saxophonist Johnny Hodges tries to emulate what he succeeds remarkably well. Even then slowly seems to be certain that more and more Coltrane correctly oriented toward the music.
In the summer of 1943, John Coltrane and then with two friends from High Point on to Philadelphia. Philadelphia has over the years so forth brought some famous jazz musicians, starting with Ray Bryant, Stan Getz, Benny Golson and the Heath Brothers of Philly Joe Jones, Lee morning, Red Rodney, Bobby Timmons and Charlie Ventura. Philadelphia is in the early forties a rallying point to the great jazz musicians. There then followed his first jobs in dance bands.
is short on "Trane" then also with the Navy, but here he manages to get a job as a musician. But when he then a year later, returning from military service has changed in the meantime a lot of jazz. The bebop revolution is well under way, led by alto saxophonist Charlie Parker and the trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie. Above all, Parker had done particularly the young Coltrane. Even in life is "Bird" a legend, almost a myth, and so fascinating, he may have acted on Coltrane, as intimidating is his way of playing on the same instrument that plays Coltrane.
plays this time Coltrane just an engagement at Joe Webb, moving musically in the milieu of the Rhythm and Blues. After admission, from Benny Golson to Coltrane's sound have sounded so strong and full, that Coltrane is said to have surpassed even his own model of Johnny Hodges.
After this engagement at Joe Webb, he joins the band leader Eddie Cleanhead Vinson. This decision changed Trane's musical career once again, for he is now forced to upgrade to the tenor saxophone, as Vinson already playing the alto saxophone. He hesitates at the beginning of something, but soon this revised and developed on the tenor saxophone sound irresistible, the fact that it now opens up a much higher hearing range. Intensiv setzt er sich nun mit allen möglichen Tenorsaxophonisten auseinander, wodurch er einiges an Technik hinzulernt. Das anspruchsvolle Übungsfeld der Jazzmusiker, die Jam Sessions im Umfeld von Philadelphia, werden dabei zu Coltranes Lehrstunden.
Im Jahre 1947 folgt Coltranes erstes wichtiges Zusammentreffen mit einem Jazzmusiker, mit dem er fortan lange zusammenarbeiten wird und durch den er berühmt werden wird, indem er in seinem ersten legendären Quintett mitspielt – der Trompeter Miles Davis. Durch ihn beginnt Coltranes internationale Karriere und im Schatten des Saxophonisten Sonny Rollins, zu dieser Zeit die Nummer 1 am Tenorsaxophon, Coltrane is slowly struggling out of his shadow. But he remains in Philadelphia, and only occasionally ventures to trips to New York, the "world capital of jazz."
meets Throughout this time, John Coltrane, but also on his greatest enemy, the drugs. It develops a vicious circle, Coltrane is addicted to heroin and missed so now more and more jobs and gigs, has earned all his money in the drug and is very hard to work after is out, he's a junkie. Even Miles Davis throws him later because of his drug addiction from the band until Coltrane should do it only in 1957 again to get away from drugs and start a whole new life. Still, it is possible
Coltrane continue working with great musicians, some of which are also addicted to drugs. Shall enter Coltrane beginning of the year 1949 with the famous bebop pianist Bud Powell, drummer Art Blakey and the saxophonist Sonny Rollins. By the saxophonist Jimmy Heath , who also hails from Philadelphia as Coltrane, Coltrane manages in the same year as well into the band of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, one of the best trumpeters in jazz history. Here are more such engagement with great musicians of jazz music.
In 1954, John Coltrane then learns Naima, his first wife know. You get to know and discover by chance sofort eine Menge übereinstimmender Dinge. Auf dem Album „Giant Steps“ widmet Coltrane ihr später auch die Komposition „Naima“ als Ausdruck der Liebe. Am 03. Oktober 1955 folgt ein Jahr darauf auch die Heirat in Baltimore statt.
Für beide ist es eine sehr glückliche Zeit, in der auch endlich Johns Jugendtraum war wird, weil er Arbeit beim Altsaxophonisten Johnny Hodges bekommt. Außerdem spielt Coltrane nun einige Monate mit dem Organisten Jimmy Smith zusammen und die Arbeit mit dem Orgel-Superstar, der zu der Zeit viel für das Label Blue Note produziert, bringt Coltrane groß raus. Es scheint ihm so sehr bei Smith zu gefallen, dass er im Jahre 1955 nur zögerlich ein Angebot des Trompeters Miles Davis and drummer Philly Joe Jones takes. But these performances just with the "New Miles Davis Quintet" help Coltrane to the final break. Follow along with Miles Davis on trumpet, Red Garland on piano, Paul Chambers on bass and Philly Joe Jones on drums in 1956 records like "Round Midnight" and "Cookin '", "Relaxin'", "Steamin '" and "Workin '". Coltrane does now also recorded as leader, including many at the New York label Prestige.
It is an extremely productive Time for Coltrane and although he is still in the same year, thrown by Davis of the band is to Coltrane for the beginning of a new section, which he manages to free himself from drugs and starts in 1957 with new energy - clean this time - by. It follows the sacking at Davis a long involvement with Thelonious Monk in which Coltrane not only with renewed force even better play, but to also learn many new things - for example, exploiting the harmonic material and the expansion of technical things, as also playing with false fingerings.
The resulting album, the same year "Blue Train" is Coltrane's largest to date Erfolg als Leader seiner Karriere. Auch Miles Davis nimmt Coltrane nun wieder in seine Band, als er hört, das Coltrane von den Drogen weg ist und damit beginnt eine zweite Epoche in Davis Band, die nun vor allem durch Coltranes Anwesenheit zu einer der besten Bands der Jazzgeschichte aufsteigt und in den folgenden 3 Jahren Alben wie „Kind Of Blue“ aufnehmen sollte. Durch den Einstieg des Altsaxophonisten Cannonball Adderley wird das Quintett nun auch zum Sextett ausgeweitet und startet mit neuer Energie in die Sechziger Jahre hinein.
Im Juli 1958 kommt es dann zu einem sehr umstrittenen Auftritt beim Newport Jazzfestival. Während Davis in gewohnter Form spielt wird Coltrane vom amerikanischen Jazzmagazin „Down Beat“ as the "angry young tenor" and his sound as a personification of movement without progress in jazz. The term "Sheets Of Sound" (Sound area), for the first time by the jazz critic Ira Gitler is used henceforth for Coltrane's new style of play. But Coltrane's ascent is now his efforts are futile.
replaced the late sixties Coltrane to the label Atlantic Records and produced here in 1960, the album "Giant Steps", one of the largest and best jazz albums in history. Coltrane's Giant steps are unstoppable. Coltrane's album "My Favorite Things" is a hit at Atlantic as well as already "Giant Steps" but the special feature of this Album that Coltrane used for the first time in his career, the soprano saxophone (with tenor saxophone) is. Albums like "Olé" and "Africa / Brass" also follow for Atlantic Records, Impulse Records.
It follows that time, however, a change in Coltrane himself, not only in his music. After he had fought his drug addiction in 1957, finally, life for him now has a completely different meaning. Coltrane deals you strong with all world religions, and is even strongly religious. He not only believes in one religion but all the same. Coltrane's happening with the inner change, ultimately, an external change, an audible change.
The 1959 and 1960 thus marks a transition in Coltrane's playing. Coltrane quartet experimented with different formations and works among others with the pianist Wynton Kelly, Tommy Flanagan, Cedar Walton, McCoy Tyner on until he finally meets with whom he now works closely in the sixties. On bass Coltrane changes every now and then between Steve Davis, Reggie Workman, Art Davis and Jimmy Garrison, until he finally decides to Garrison. With Elvin Jones then also the last musical partner meets Coltrane, the legendary quartet of the sixties should be complete years.
with this ensemble brings John Coltrane in 1964 to his largest string of: The album "A Love Supreme" at the label pulses, a profession of faith in the music of Coltrane. It is Coltrane's most successful album, which should make it the best album ever and is the history of jazz music, a classic that changed millions of musicians. But in the same year to separate the paths of Coltrane and his wife, Naima. Alice McLeod Coltrane's later wife, but even at the time of the recordings of "A Love Supreme" is a close partner Coltrane. The two married in 1965.
Coltrane's music is aimed at that time to now more and more to free jazz. The things for Coltrane in the year 1959 with "Kind Of Blue" with Davis' modal jazz band began to sit down now slowly away. With musicians such as Archie Shepp, Eric Dolphy and Pharaoh Sanders and his top-class musicians to follow in his band. But the old such legendary Quartet breaks slowly and so is leaving as the last in March 1966, the drummer Elvin Jones, Coltrane, in order to pursue other things.
Despite his precarious health status of the 1967 John Coltrane does, however, continuously make more music. His death on 17 July 1967 is a shock to the entire jazz world. His early death at the age of 30 years was clearly too early, but Coltrane left to posterity a unique musical offspring.
tried today, everyone aspiring saxophonist Coltrane zueifern after the game and many of his albums and compositions are today's best examples of a musician who came and changed the music through his playing. Even today, Coltrane's spirit is enlivened by reoccurring old tapes again and his albums are also in this century will be as popular as they were 40 years ago.
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